Center for Effective Lawmaking

Center for Effective Lawmaking

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Vanderbilt University

Discussing Effective Lawmaking with North Dakota Senator Judy Lee
Conversations with Lawmakers / State Legislatures

Discussing Effective Lawmaking with North Dakota Senator Judy Lee

Discussing Effective Lawmaking with North Dakota Senator Judy Lee Judy Lee has represented North Dakota’s 13th Senate District since 1994, making her one of the longest-serving members of the chamber. She is a senior Republican lawmaker with extensive institutional knowledge and experience navigating long-term policy change. She is currently the chair of the Human Services Committee and was the President Pro Tempore in 2007. She has also served on, or been associated with, committees related to healthcare, human services, long-term care, and regulatory policy.Senator Lee is widely recognized for her…

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January 29, 2026
Discussing Effective Lawmaking with Montana Representative Steve Fitzpatrick
Conversations with Lawmakers / State Legislatures

Discussing Effective Lawmaking with Montana Representative Steve Fitzpatrick

Discussing Effective Lawmaking with Montana Representative Steve Fitzpatrick Representative Steve Fitzpatrick, a Republican member of the Montana State House of Representatives, has been serving in the Montana state legislature since 2011. He first served three terms in the Montana House of Representatives, representing District 20 from 2011–2017, followed by two terms in the Montana Senate, representing District 10, from 2017-2025. In 2025, he returned to the House as the Representative for District 24. His colleagues have consistently elevated him into leadership roles, including his service as House Majority Whip from…

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December 18, 2025
Announcing the Release of the 246th New York State Legislature State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures / State Summaries

Announcing the Release of the 246th New York State Legislature State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 246th New York State Legislature State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 246th New York State Legislature legislative session (2023–2024). This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking the number of bills legislators sponsor, how far those bills advance through the…

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December 17, 2025
Announcing the Release of the 82nd Nevada General Assembly State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
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State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures / State Summaries

Announcing the Release of the 82nd Nevada General Assembly State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 82nd Nevada General Assembly State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 82nd Nevada General Assembly (2023–2024). This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States.These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking the number of bills legislators sponsor, how far those bills advance through the legislative process, and the substantive…

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October 31, 2025
Announcing the Release of the State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
Legislative Research / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures / State Summaries

Announcing the Release of the State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) — a groundbreaking effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States over recent decades. These scores capture the lawmaking effectiveness of the members of each legislature based on the number of bills they sponsor, how far those bills progress through the different stages of the legislative process, and the substantive…

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April 29, 2025
The Concentration of Legislative Effectiveness in the American States
Legislative Anaylsis / State Legislatures

The Concentration of Legislative Effectiveness in the American States

The Concentration of Legislative Effectiveness in the American States In this Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) working paper, Professor Todd Makse of Florida International University and Jacob Lollis of the University of Virginia examine how effective lawmaking is distributed among legislators within a chamber. While legislative effectiveness scores for individual lawmakers are often emphasized, this paper highlights the frequently overlooked importance of evaluating how effectiveness is spread across all members of a legislative body. Through analyzing legislative effectiveness data, the authors develop new measures to assess the concentration and dispersion…

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November 14, 2024

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